Gingivitis is the terminology of 'gingival' which means gums and 'itis' meaning inflammation, so the definition of gingivitis is an inflammation of the gums as a result of bacterial infection.
Initially, the bacteria that dominate the streptococcus gram positive organisms. After a period of 3 weeks, the type (species) gram-positive rods Actinomyces in particular, gram-negative organisms such as Fusobacterium, Veillonella and organisms including Treponema spirochaetal colonize occupied gum pockets.
Gingivitis is one of the periodontal disease. Periodontal disease involves inflammation and infection that destroys tissue that support teeth, including gums, periodontal ligaments, and pockets of teeth (alveolar bone). The most common cause of gingivitis is poor oral hygiene. Brushing your teeth and use dental floss (dental floss) every day can help prevent gingivitis.
Cause
The most common cause of gingivitis is poor oral hygiene that encourage the formation of plaque. Plaque is a biofilm layer that is invisible, sticky consisting mainly of bacteria. Brushing teeth the right way and a routine and every day to remove plaque.
Plaque must be removed daily by brushing your teeth because it will be re-formed quickly, usually within 24 hours. Plaques that accumulate will cause the formation of tartar (calculus).
Plaque which accumulates on the teeth will be calcified to form a hard coating that resembles chalk, this is a hard layer called tartar. Toxins that are the result of bacterial metabolism will cause the gums become infected, swollen, and tender.
Symptom
1. Gum redness
2. Gumboil
3. Consistency gum becomes softer
4. Gums slightly rounded shape (unstippling)
5. Gums bleed easily
Treatment
The main treatment in gingivitis is to remove the cause, that is by cleaning the tartar (scaling). Clean the tartar can be done in the dental office. One week after the cleaning of tartar, check whether the condition is improving or not. If the gums are inflamed condition has not improved or consult with a dentist.
Source: MayoClinic, PubMed Health, WebMD, Color Atlas of Common Oral Disorders (Langlais and Miller, 1998)
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